What is Value? Definition Of Value? Value in Ethics, General Studies Paper 4

Class 5

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Ethics In Governance - Accountability and Governance, Ethics in politics, Ethics in regulators, Ethics in executive, Ethics in the legislature, Ethics in permanent executive, Ethics in bureaucracy, Ethics in the political executive

Class 20

Ethics in politics, Ethics in regulators, Ethics in executive, Ethics in legislature, Ethics in permanent executive, Ethics in bureaucracy, Ethics in political executive

Ethics In Governance

Ethics Answer Writing Classes

Accountability and Ethical Governance

1. Accountability – Answerability

2. Account means to keep count

Examples –

Accountability of minister to Legislature

Accountability of company’s management to Board of Directors

Accountability of Board of Directors to Shareholders

Accountability of Government to Public

Accountability of Employees to head of the organization

Accountability of Students to Teachers

Essential Components –

Hierarchy

Department that fixes responsibility

Independent external body to oversee the functioning and seek explanation about the same

Robust Reward – punishment framework

Ensuring that actions and decisions are transparent so that it is easy to fix responsibility

Example – Banking System

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Governance –

Direct the governed to do certain things in a specific way,

Preventing the governed from doing certain things,

Services,

Creation of ecosystem that prompt the governed to exhibit a specific type of conduct

Relationship between Accountability and Ethical Governance

Strengthening of ethical and moral values in governance

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Ethics In International Relations and Corporate Governance

Class 21

Ethics Answer Writing Classes

Ethics in International Relations

International Relations refer to the interaction of countries with other countries in strategic, economic, political, social and other spheres.

Ethics – Guide for good and bad

Ethics in International Relations –

Good and bad in a nation’s interaction with other nations in strategic, social, economic, political and other spheres

Test For Ethics In International Relations –

All three principles should be followed.

Trade of Slaves from Africa.

The assassination of Bin Laden by the USA

1. War

Ethical War –

To protect one’s sovereignty

To protect one’s resources

Any other possible crisis

Unethical War –

For resources of other country

To interfere in internal affairs of another country

To undermine the sovereignty of another country

 War should be last option (India – Pakistan Context)

2. International Funding (China – Nepal, Africa)

3. International Investments (Tax law, interference in governance – Amazon, Facebook, Twitter etc.)

Corporate – Wherein the ownership and management are separate. (Money raised from public)

Corporate Governance –

Set of all methods and processes that steer a business corporation towards a specific direction in such a way that the interest of all stakeholders in general and shareholders in particular are not compromised by the management.

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Values in Civil Services, Ethical Dilemmas and Ethical Concerns

Class 19

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Public Service Values – Status and Problems

Value – A person thinks important for him.

Public Service – Offering services to public by Government.

Status of Public Service Values –

1.Traditional Values –  Still Relevant – Dedication, empathy, responsibility, public service

2.Traditional Values – Not relevant in present day public service – Centralization, Procedural Correctness, Hierarchy, Secrecy

3.New Values – Flexibility, Innovation, Risk Taking, Efficiency and Effectiveness, Team Spirit, Competition ● ●

Reasons for Changes in Values –

1.Regulator to facilitator – From Transparency and Unbiasedness to Helping Hands

2.Regulation to development – Simplicity and compassion (for weaker sections)

3.Information Technology (Transparency, innovation)

4.Specialized/technical administration (Team-work, specialization)

5.New public management (Hierarchy, discretion to leadership, vision)

Ethical Concerns and Dilemmas in Public Institutions –

a. Superior’s directive versus public good

b. Secrecy vs Transparency

c. Preferential Treatment Vs Non-discrimination

d. Honesty vs Efficiency

e. Rule Vs Flexibility ● ●

Ethical Dilemmas in Private Institutions –

a. Profit Vs Social Responsibility – Social Resources, Type of product (NPR Test)

b. Profit Vs Employee Welfare – Working hours, salary, working conditions – A healthy and happy employee is an asset

c. Automation Vs Employment

d. Promoter vs Shareholders

Laws, Rules, Regulations and Conscience as Source of Ethical Guidance –

Laws –

It is codification of expected conduct.

It is enabled formally by governing authority.

Deviation from the provision of law shall attract penal action.

As the degree of democracy in governance increases, law marches towards ethics. (Transgender, Women Protection – Family, workplace)

Law and Ethics Relationship (Democracy, Dictatorship – Gandhi, Martin Luther King) (Mask During COVID)

Institutions

Rules –

Private + Public Bodies

Executive

Laws provide framework, rules are concrete directive within the purview of law.

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Answer Writing Classes – Ethics

Emotional Intelligence | What is Emotional Intelligence? | Use of Emotional Intelligence in Case Studies | Work-Life Balance

Class 17 and 18

Ethics Answer Writing Classes

What is Emotional Intelligence?
Use of Emotional Intelligence in Case Studies.

Positive Emotions Include – 1.Happiness 2.Confidence 3.Calmness 4.Poise 5.Enthusiasm 6.Exhilaration 7.Contentment ●

Negative Emotions Include – 1.Fear 2.Disquiet 3.Depression 4.Frustration 5.Anxiety 6.Anger

Emotion is a state of mind which is opposite of rationale or knowledge.

Intelligence refers to the innate ability of applying knowledge and skills.

Combining the meanings of Emotions and Intelligence –

Emotional Intelligence can be defined as the application of states of mind for a fruitful purpose. (The same situation may trigger different emotions)

-Identification of one’s own emotions (Krishna – Bheeshma)

-Identification of others’ emotions

-Knowing when to use own and others’ emotions -Modification of one’s own emotions -Controlling and hiding one’s own emotions

Importance of Emotional Intelligence

Influence of emotions on actions – Shawshank Redemption

Influence of emotions on one’s thought

Impact of emotions on focus or concentration

Stress Management

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Work–life balance is the equilibrium between personal life and career work. (If Only, Baar Baar Dekho) •Increased responsibilities at work •Working longer hours •Increased responsibilities at home •Having children

Solutions – Trust Others, Take a Break (hobbies) , Unplug, Spend time with family

Quality of a Leader –

Employers expect more from their people, which leads to them feeling more pressure to achieve greater results. Consequently, this leads to longer working hours, and less time spent at home. As a business leader, you have a responsibility to help all your team juggle the demands of their work and personal lives. Even your most engaged employees may still be struggling to find balance.

Maintaining a healthy work-life balance is not only important for health and relationships, but it can also improve your employee’s productivity, and ultimately performance. Put simply, if your people don’t view work as a chore, then they will work harder, make fewer mistakes and are more likely to become advocates for your brand.

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Code Of Ethics | RTI | Citizen Charter - Paper 4 General Studies UPSC CSE - Ethics, Integrity and Aptitude

Class 23

Code Of Ethics

Answer Writing Classes – Ethics

The broad framework of principles and standards acceptable to the society

Principles enunciated in the Code Of Ethics guide the actions in Code Of Conduct

Nolan Committee –
Selfishness
Accountability
Leadership
Integrity
Openness
Objectivity
Honesty

Buddha, Ten Commandments, Quran, Seven Laws of Noah, Taoism, Lord Krishna

Herbert J. Taylor –
Is it the truth?
Is it fair to all concerned?
Will it build goodwill and better friendships?
Will it be Beneficial to all concerned?

सूचना का अधिकार अधिनियम

सूचना के अधिकार यानी RTI का अर्थ है कि कोई भी भारतीय नागरिक राज्य या केंद्र सरकार के कार्यालयों और विभागों से किसी भी जानकारी (जिसे सार्वजनिक सूचना माना जाता है) को प्राप्त करने का अनुरोध कर सकता है।

इसी अवधारणा के मद्देनज़र भारतीय लोकतंत्र को मज़बूत करने और शासन में पारदर्शिता लाने के उद्देश्य से भारतीय संसद ने सूचना का अधिकार अधिनियम, 2005 लागू किया था।

विशेषज्ञ इस अधिनियम को भ्रष्टाचार मुक्त भारत बनाने की दिशा में एक महत्त्वपूर्ण कदम के रूप में देखते हैं।

अधिनियम के प्रमुख प्रावधान

इस अधिनियम में स्पष्ट तौर पर कहा गया है कि कोई भी भारतीय नागरिक किसी भी सार्वजानिक अथवा सरकारी प्राधिकरण से किसी भी प्रकार की जानकारी प्राप्त करने के लिये स्वतंत्र है, साथ ही इस अधिनियम के तहत मांगी गई सूचना को आवेदन की तारीख से 30 दिनों की अवधि के भीतर प्रदान करने की व्यवस्था की गई है।

इस अधिनियम में यह भी कहा गया है कि सभी सार्वजनिक प्राधिकरण अपने दस्तावेज़ों का संरक्षण करते हुए उन्हें कंप्यूटर में सुरक्षित रखेंगे।

 इस अधिनियम के माध्यम से राष्ट्रपति, उपराष्ट्रपति, प्रधानमंत्री, संसद व राज्य विधानमंडल के साथ ही सर्वोच्च न्यायालय, उच्च न्यायालय, नियंत्रक एवं महालेखा परीक्षक (CAG) और निर्वाचन आयोग (Election Commission) जैसे संवैधानिक निकायों व उनसे संबंधित पदों को भी सूचना का अधिकार अधिनियम के दायरे में लाया गया है।

इस अधिनियम के अंतर्गत केंद्र स्तर पर एक मुख्य सूचना आयुक्त और अधिकतम 10 सूचना आयुक्तों की सदस्यता वाले एक केंद्रीय सूचना आयोग के गठन का प्रावधान किया गया है। इसी के आधार पर राज्य में भी एक राज्य सूचना आयोग का गठन किया जाएगा।

Section 8 in The Right to Information Act, 2005

8. Exemption from disclosure of information.

(1) Notwithstanding anything contained in this Act, there shall be no obligation to give any citizen,

(a) information, disclosure of which would prejudicially affect the sovereignty and integrity of India, the security, strategic, scientific or economic interests of the State, relation with foreign State or lead to incitement of an offence; ●

(b) information which has been expressly forbidden to be published by any court of law or tribunal or the disclosure of which may constitute contempt of court;

(c) information, the disclosure of which would cause a breach of privilege of Parliament or the State Legislature;

(f) information received in confidence from foreign government;

(g) information,  the  disclosure  of  which  would  endanger  the  life  or  physical  safety  of  any person  or  identify  the  source  of  information  or  assistance  given  in  confidence  for  law enforcement or security purposes;

(h) information   which   would   impede   the   process   of   investigation   or   apprehension or prosecution of offenders

(j) information which relates to personal information the disclosure of which has not relationship to any public activity or interest, or which would cause unwarranted invasion of the privacy of the individual unless the Central Public Information Officer or the State Public Information Officer or the appellate authority, as the case may be, is satisfied that the larger public interest justifies the disclosure of such information

सूचना के अधिकार अधिनियम की चुनौतियाँ

1. यह अधिनियम आम लोगों को प्रासंगिक जानकारी प्राप्त करने का अधिकार देता है, किंतु निरक्षरता और जागरूकता की कमी के कारण भारत में अधिकांश लोग इस अधिकार का प्रयोग नहीं कर पाते हैं।

2. कई लोग मानते हैं कि इस अधिनियम में प्रावधानों का उल्लंघन करने की स्थिति में जो जुर्माना/दंड दिया गया है वह इतना कठोर नहीं है कि लोगों को इस कार्य से रोक सके।

3. इसके अलावा ग्रामीण क्षेत्रों में पर्याप्त जन जागरूकता का अभाव, सूचनाओं को संग्रहीत करने और प्रचार-प्रसार करने हेतु उचित प्रणाली का अभाव, सार्वजनिक सूचना अधिकारियों (PIOs) की अक्षमता और नौकरशाही मानसिकता आदि को सूचना का अधिकार अधिनियम (RTI) के कार्यान्वयन में बड़ी बाधा माना जाता है।

सरकार द्वारा अपने देश के नागरिकों को विभिन्न प्रकार की सेवाएँ (Services) उपलब्ध कराई जाती हैं जिन्हें जन सेवाएँ (Public Services) कहते हैं। •इन जन सेवाओं को जनता को उपलब्ध कराना ही जन (नागरिक) सेवा प्रदायगी (Public Services Delivery) कहा जाता है। •वस्तुत: सरकारी सार्वजनिक सेवाओं को स्थानीय सरकार, राज्य सरकार या केंद्र सरकार द्वारा जनता तक पहुँचाया जाता है। उदाहरण के लिये सीवेज एवं कचरा निपटान, सड़क की सफाई, सार्वजनिक शिक्षा, स्वास्थ्य सेवाएँ, दूरसंचार सेवाएँ आदि। •

क्या है नागरिक घोषणापत्र ( Citizen Charter)? •नागरिक घोषणापत्र एक ऐसा लिखित दस्तावेज है जिसमें संगठन की अपनी सेवाओं के मानक, संगठन संबंधी सूचनाओं, पसंद और परामर्श, सेवाओं तक भेदभावरहित पहुँच, शिकायत निवारण एवं शिष्टाचार आदि के संबंध में अपने नागरिकों के प्रति प्रतिबद्धताओं का व्यवस्थित विवरण होता है । •नागरिक घोषणापत्र में सार्वजनिक सेवाओं का नागरिक केंद्रित होना सुनिश्चित किया जाता है। •नागरिक घोषणपत्र सुशासन के तीन महत्त्वपूर्ण घटकों यथा- पारदर्शिता, उत्तरदायित्व एवं जवाबदेहिता को लागू करने तथा सरकार एवं नागरिकों के मध्य अंतराल को कम करने के लिये एक महत्त्वपूर्ण साधन है।

भारत में नागरिक घोषणापत्र •गौरतलब है कि ब्रिटेन में लोक सेवाओं में दक्षता लाने के लिये 1991 में नागरिक घोषणापत्र लागू किया गया। • •भारत में 1997 में भारतीय प्रधानमंत्री की अध्यक्षता में सभी राज्यों के मुख्यमंत्रियों का सम्मेलन आयोजित किया गया। इस सम्मेलन में प्रभावी एवं जिम्मेदार प्रशासन हेतु एजेंडा पर सिफारिश की गई कि सभी लोक संगठनों के लिये नागरिक घोषणापत्र लाने के प्रयास किये जाएँ। इसके तहत चिन्हित मंत्रालयों एवं विभागों में नागरिक घोषणापत्र के निर्माण की निगरानी हेतु एक समिति का गठन किया गया। • • •2004 में प्रशासनिक सुधार एवं शिकायत निवारण विभाग ने नागरिक घोषणापत्र पर एक प्रपत्र प्रस्तुत किया जिसमें आदर्श नागरिक घोषणापत्र के मार्गदर्शक सिद्धांत बताए गए।

• •इसके अनुसार घोषणापत्र में निम्नलिखित बिंदु सम्मिलित होने चाहिये:

•विज़न एवं मिशन का विवरण।

•संगठन द्वारा संपादित कार्यों का विवरण।

•संगठन से जुड़े ग्राहक समूहों का विवरण।

•ग्राहकों को प्रदत्त सेवाओं का विवरण।

•जन शिकायत निवारण से संबंधित जानकारी।

•चार्टर का सरल होना आवश्यक।

नागरिक घोषणापत्र का मूल्यांकन

वर्ष 2002-03 में प्रशासनिक सुधार एवं लोक शिकायत निवारण विभाग ने एक निजी एजेंसी द्वारा तथा वर्ष 2008 में इंडियन इंस्टीट्यूट ऑफ पब्लिक एडमिनिस्ट्रेशन द्वारा विभागीय नागरिक घोषणापत्रों का मूल्यांकन  और निम्नलिखित कमियों का उल्लेख किया गया-

•अधिकांश नागरिक घोषणापत्रों का प्रारूप ठीक नहीं होता तथा उसमें महत्त्वपूर्ण सूचनाओं का अभाव होता है।

•अधिकांश घोषणापत्रों के निर्माण में पारदर्शिता एवं परामर्शी प्रक्रिया का अभाव होता है।

•नागरिक घोषणापत्रों में नवोन्मेष एवं अद्यतन जानकारियों का अभाव होता  है।

•समय-समय पर पुनर्मूल्यांकन नहीं किया जाता।

•जागरूकता एवं जागरूकता प्रसार के प्रयास का अभाव पाया गया।

•लोक संगठनों में नागरिक घोषणापत्र के प्रति रुचि का अभाव देखा गया।

• •Ideal Citizen Charter –

•Concrete (24 Hour Electricity Supply)

•Measurable (Calories of Food)

•Realistic

•Resources Linked

•Consultative (Anganwadi Workers, Asha Workers)

•Compensation

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Governance According to Socrates, Governance According to Plato, Governance According to Aristotle, Governance According to Kautilya (Saptanga), Code Of Conduct

Class 22

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In This Blog We Will Cover –
Governance According to Socrates
Governance According to Plato
Governance According to Aristotle
Governance According to Kautilya (Saptanga)
Code Of Conduct

Code Of Conduct for Ministers
Code Of Conduct for Civil Servants – AIS (Conduct) Rules, 1969
Code Of Conduct for Judges

Philosophical basis of Governance and Probity

Socrates –

Laws should promote justice

Unconditional abiding to law by all the citizens

There could be criticism to law only when the law is deviant to the idea of justice

Tyranny                                 Individual                                  No

Plutocracy                             Who own property                 No

Democracy                            Everyone                                  Yes

Rule by wise (Plato – Philosopher King)

Plato – Philosopher King

1.Aristocracy –

Philosopher King is wisdom lover. (Wisdom with love for subjects)

Three classes –

Gold Class – King and other –  no property so no conflict of interest – Decides rules, policy

Silver Class – Soldiers and warriors

Bronze Class – Everyone else

Educate all

2. Timocracy –

Rule by bronze class

Owns property so conflict of interest

3. Oligarchy –

Rule by the rich

Possibilities of revolution

4. Democracy –

Power is dispersed among all individuals so they may break the law

5. Tyranny –

The worst form of government  – an adjusted man with worldly desires

•  

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Sapthanga theory by Kautilya

1. Swami (Ruler) –

Gain loyalty of his subjects

Aim – Welfare of his subjects

Well learned, brave and virtuous

Trained in economics, politics, philosophies and Vedas

2. Amatya (Minister)

Council of Ministers (Executive wing of a state)

3. Janapada

Territory and population

Population should be loyal, hard working,  disciplined, ready to pay taxes

4. Durga –  Fort

5. Kosha – Treasury

Treasury is the wheel on which the chariot of state runs

6. Danda – Military

Well motivated army is the greatest asses to a King. Soldiers should be paid well and families taken cate of

7. Mitra – Neighboring King – Treat well and help in time of emergencies

CODE OF CONDUCT FOR MINISTERS (Both Union and State)

1. Disclose to the Prime Minister, or the Chief Minister, as the case may be details of the assets and liabilities, and of business interests, of himself and of members of his family.

2. After taking office, and so long as he remains in office, the Minister shall: –

(a) furnish annually by the 31st August to the Prime Minister, or the Chief Minister, as the case may be, a declaration regarding his assets and liabilities for the previous financial year;

(b) refrain from buying from or selling to, the Government any immovable property except where such property is compulsorily acquired by the Government in usual course;

(c) refrain from starting, or joining, any business;

(d) ensure that the members of his family do not start, or participate in, business concerns, engaged in supplying goods or services to that Government (excepting in the usual course of trade or business and at standard or market rates) or dependent primarily on grant of licenses, permits, quotas, leases, etc., from that Government; and

(e)report the matter to the Prime Minister, or the Chief Minister as the case may be, if any member of his family sets up, or joins in the conduct and management of, any other business.

(f)uphold the political impartiality of the civil services and not ask the civil servants to act in any way which would conflict with the duties and responsibilities of the civil servants

3.1 No Minister should – (a)personally, or through a member of his family, accept contribution for any purpose, whether political, charitable or otherwise.

3.2  A Minister, including the Union Ministers, the Chief Ministers and other Ministers of State Governments/Union Territories, should not permit their spouse and dependents to accept employment under a Foreign Government, in India or abroad, or in a foreign organisation (including commercial concerns) without prior approval of the Prime Minister.

4. Awards

5. A Minister should –

a)while on official tour, as far as practicable stay in accommodation belonging to himself or maintained by Government, Government undertakings, public bodies or institutions (such as circuit houses, dak bungalows etc.) or in recognised hotels; andb) avoid attending, as far as possible, ostentatious or lavish parties given in his honour

6. The authority for ensuring the observance of the Code of Conduct will be the Prime Minister in the case of Union Ministers, the Prime Minister and the Union Home Minister in the case of Chief Ministers, and the Chief Minister concerned in the case of State Ministers except where it is otherwise specified.

Code of Conduct for All India Service Officers is codified in AIS (Conduct) Rules, 1969.

Ais Officer shall –

1. Highest standards of integrity and devotion to duty

2. Participates in a public media after clarifying that views expressed are personal and doesn’t belong to Government

3. Accepts gifts only from friends and relatives who don’t have any official dealing

AIS Officer shall not – 1.Use his official position to obtain employment for his family 2.Take part in politics or associate with any political party 3.Criticize the actions of Government 4.Give evidence before any committee or person without previous sanction of Government 5.Ask for or pay without previous sanction of Government 6.Accept lavish hospitality from persons having official dealing with government 7.Give or take dowry 8.Speculate in Stock Market

Code of Conduct for Judiciary adopted by SCI

A judge shall –

1. Public interest over private interest

2. No favors from parties that deal with the government

3. No politics

4. Using official provisions only for Office Dealings

5. Disclosure of assets and liabilities periodically

A judge shall not –

1.Contest election to any office, society or club

2.Maintain close association with members of bar

3.Use the official residence for professional work of family members

4.Hear or decide a case in which his/her family or close aides are involved

5.Give any interview to the media

6.Accept lavish hospitality or gifts (Except family members)

7.Raise funds for any purpose 8.Speculate in Stock Market

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Social Influence (Normative and Informational Influence), Change in Public Attitude, Persuasion, Ethics, G.S Paper 4 UPSC, PCS

Class 11, 12 and 13

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Social Influencing – One person influencing the other to change the latter’s attitude.

So, it changes – Emotions, Opinions, and Behavior

Example – Advertisement by Actors and Actress

Features of Social Influence –

Conscious – Government trying to change behaviour of People about COVID-19

Unconscious – Dhoni’s hairstyle

Varies – Situation to situation and person to person

Public Attitude Vs Private Attitude

Short term Vs Long Term (Fashion and M.S. Swaminathan)

Influence also varies from person to person

Type Of Social Influence –
a) Compliance – Helmet

1. b) Identification – Celebrity
2. c) Internalization – Making something a part of one’s personality (Swami Vivekanand’s tour)

Enablers –

Peer Pressure (E-Voting)

Charisma – Martin Luther King, Hitler

Master –  servant relationship

Context – Beneficial, Rational, Practicable (Public Toilet – Disease, Cultured, Infrastructure)

Presentation (Advertisement)

Types –

1. Normative Influence
2. Informational Influence a) Ambiguous Situation b) Crisis Situations

Principles of Social Influence –

1. Reciprocity (People give back whatever has been given to them)
2. Consistency
3. Social Proof
4. Liking
5. Authority
6. Scarcity

How to change public attitude?{“type”:”block”,”srcClientIds”:[“df31ae7f-7db1-40b3-9d6e-96a9d5f1db35″],”srcRootClientId”:”2d5bafb4-b732-4372-8394-64e34810d262″}

Persuasion –

A persuasion is a form of Social Science. Unlike other social influences, persuasion is a deliberate attempt to condition the attitude (emotions, thoughts, and behavior) of the other person.

Techniques of Persuasion –

1.Logical Arguments (Logical, practical, beneficial)

2.Incentivization of new attitude (Discounts on Online Transaction)

3.Disincentivization  of existing attitude (Population policies)

4.Scare-factor (Cigarette)

5.Repeated Reminders (Prayers)

6.TINA Factor (There is no alternative)

7.Appealing to the psyche (Opting in versus Opting Out, overvaluation of loss, appealing to emotions)

8.Empathy

Persuasion in the Life of a Civil Servant –

a.Public Representatives

b.Employees

c.General Public

d.Superiors

e.Finance Department

f.Private/Corporate Sector

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Aptitude - Definition Of Aptitude, Integrity, Impartiality Ethics Paper 4 UPSC And PCS

Class 14, Class 15 and Class 16

Aptitude implies potential. It is a storehouse of energy in oneself. When we say that a person has the better aptitude, it actually means that s/he has the innate potential to do something.

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Foundation Values for Civil Service

Integrity

Unwavering adherence to moral principles in general and honesty in particular. A person with integrity adheres to moral principles not because of external regulations but because of internal compulsions.

Management of Public Resources

Selection of Beneficiaries

Departmental Enquiries (Case Study)

Answer Writing Classes Ethics

Impartiality

Differential Treatment vs Favorable Treatment

Equal opportunities to all and equal beings treated equally 1.Fulfilling all interests equitably – Incentive is good but there should be no partiality 2.Constitution – Article 15 3.Professional Ethics 4.Majoritarianism Prevention 5.Promotion of interests of weaker section ●

Emotional Intelligence, Biases, Interest Analysis, Verifying decisions with peers, Objective decision support system, Seeking public opinion ●

4. Dedication to Public Service  – First Priority

5. Empathy – Story of Kalam

How to develop empathy? a)Talk to people – awareness about ground reality b)Literature – Movies (Taare Zameen Par), books c)Visualization d)Reading biographies and autobiographies (B.R. Ambedkar) e)Tolerance

6. Compassion towards weaker section –

Mr. Prashant Nair (IAS – Kerala) –Operation Sulaiman

Mr. G. Shrikanth (IAS – Maharashtra) – Wall for clothes 

Shri Sandeep Nanduri (D.M) – Clothes + Shoes, Books

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Definition of Violence, Terrorism, Public Relations, Five Components Of Emotional Intelligence, Human Values (Ethics G.S Paper 4)

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Class 6 and Class 7

Terrorism –

Oxford Dictionary – Violent action in order to achieve political aims

Force a government to act

Violates Human Rights.

Public Relations –

Suppressing unfavourable news

Mispresenting Facts to serve a cause but actually serving some other interest

Promising results that can’t be obtained

Use of undesirable method towards pressurizing editors for carrying publicity material

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