Class 22
In This Blog We Will Cover –
Governance According to Socrates
Governance According to Plato
Governance According to Aristotle
Governance According to Kautilya (Saptanga)
Code Of Conduct
Code Of Conduct for Ministers
Code Of Conduct for Civil Servants – AIS (Conduct) Rules, 1969
Code Of Conduct for Judges
Philosophical basis of Governance and Probity
Socrates –
Laws should promote justice
Unconditional abiding to law by all the citizens
There could be criticism to law only when the law is deviant to the idea of justice
Tyranny Individual No
Plutocracy Who own property No
Democracy Everyone Yes
Rule by wise (Plato – Philosopher King)
Plato – Philosopher King
1.Aristocracy –
Philosopher King is wisdom lover. (Wisdom with love for subjects)
Three classes –
Gold Class – King and other – no property so no conflict of interest – Decides rules, policy
Silver Class – Soldiers and warriors
Bronze Class – Everyone else
Educate all
- Timocracy –
Rule by bronze class
Owns property so conflict of interest
- Oligarchy –
Rule by the rich
Possibilities of revolution
- Democracy –
Power is dispersed among all individuals so they may break the law
- Tyranny –
The worst form of government – an adjusted man with worldly desires
Sapthanga theory by Kautilya
1. Swami (Ruler) –
Gain loyalty of his subjects
Aim – Welfare of his subjects
Well learned, brave and virtuous
Trained in economics, politics, philosophies and Vedas
2. Amatya (Minister)
Council of Ministers (Executive wing of a state)
3. Janapada
Territory and population
Population should be loyal, hard working, disciplined, ready to pay taxes
4. Durga – Fort
5. Kosha – Treasury
Treasury is the wheel on which the chariot of state runs
6. Danda – Military
Well motivated army is the greatest asses to a King. Soldiers should be paid well and families taken cate of
7. Mitra – Neighboring King – Treat well and help in time of emergencies
CODE OF CONDUCT FOR MINISTERS (Both Union and State)
1. Disclose to the Prime Minister, or the Chief Minister, as the case may be details of the assets and liabilities, and of business interests, of himself and of members of his family.
2. After taking office, and so long as he remains in office, the Minister shall: –
(a) furnish annually by the 31st August to the Prime Minister, or the Chief Minister, as the case may be, a declaration regarding his assets and liabilities for the previous financial year;
(b) refrain from buying from or selling to, the Government any immovable property except where such property is compulsorily acquired by the Government in usual course;
(c) refrain from starting, or joining, any business;
(d) ensure that the members of his family do not start, or participate in, business concerns, engaged in supplying goods or services to that Government (excepting in the usual course of trade or business and at standard or market rates) or dependent primarily on grant of licenses, permits, quotas, leases, etc., from that Government; and
(e)report the matter to the Prime Minister, or the Chief Minister as the case may be, if any member of his family sets up, or joins in the conduct and management of, any other business.
(f)uphold the political impartiality of the civil services and not ask the civil servants to act in any way which would conflict with the duties and responsibilities of the civil servants
3.1 No Minister should – (a)personally, or through a member of his family, accept contribution for any purpose, whether political, charitable or otherwise.
3.2 A Minister, including the Union Ministers, the Chief Ministers and other Ministers of State Governments/Union Territories, should not permit their spouse and dependents to accept employment under a Foreign Government, in India or abroad, or in a foreign organisation (including commercial concerns) without prior approval of the Prime Minister.
4. Awards
5. A Minister should –
a)while on official tour, as far as practicable stay in accommodation belonging to himself or maintained by Government, Government undertakings, public bodies or institutions (such as circuit houses, dak bungalows etc.) or in recognised hotels; andb) avoid attending, as far as possible, ostentatious or lavish parties given in his honour
6. The authority for ensuring the observance of the Code of Conduct will be the Prime Minister in the case of Union Ministers, the Prime Minister and the Union Home Minister in the case of Chief Ministers, and the Chief Minister concerned in the case of State Ministers except where it is otherwise specified.
Code of Conduct for All India Service Officers is codified in AIS (Conduct) Rules, 1969.
Ais Officer shall –
1. Highest standards of integrity and devotion to duty
2. Participates in a public media after clarifying that views expressed are personal and doesn’t belong to Government
3. Accepts gifts only from friends and relatives who don’t have any official dealing
AIS Officer shall not – 1.Use his official position to obtain employment for his family 2.Take part in politics or associate with any political party 3.Criticize the actions of Government 4.Give evidence before any committee or person without previous sanction of Government 5.Ask for or pay without previous sanction of Government 6.Accept lavish hospitality from persons having official dealing with government 7.Give or take dowry 8.Speculate in Stock Market
Code of Conduct for Judiciary adopted by SCI
A judge shall –
1. Public interest over private interest
2. No favors from parties that deal with the government
3. No politics
4. Using official provisions only for Office Dealings
5. Disclosure of assets and liabilities periodically
A judge shall not –
1.Contest election to any office, society or club
2.Maintain close association with members of bar
3.Use the official residence for professional work of family members
4.Hear or decide a case in which his/her family or close aides are involved
5.Give any interview to the media
6.Accept lavish hospitality or gifts (Except family members)
7.Raise funds for any purpose 8.Speculate in Stock Market
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